Archive for the 'Control System' Category
It is beyond the scope of this text to present a detailed discussion of how to program a microprocessor in machine language. Still,
it is useful to investigate in a general way what the software must do. A digital controller is a computer operating in real time.This means that the program is running all the time—repeatedly [...]
In a serial interface, the data are sent 1 bit after the other on a single wire. There are a number of good reasons for doing this. First, the cabling is simpler because only two wires are needed (at a minimum), those being “data” and “return.” Second, shielding a small group of wires, which is [...]
The microprocessor works by executing a program of instructions. Creating the program is similar in concept to programming in BASIC, C, or any other high-level computer
language. Each type of microprocessor has its own instruction set, which is the set of commands that it was designed to recognize and obey. Microprocessor instructions are very elemental and [...]
A computer is made up of four basic functional units: the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input, and output (I/O). The central processing unit does the actual computing and is composed of two subparts: the arithmetic logic unit and control sections Figure 2. The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs the actual numerical and logic calculations [...]
Motion control is a broad term used to describe an open-loop or closed-loop electromechanical system wherein things are moving. Such a system typically includes a motor, mechanical parts that move, and (in many cases) feedback sensor(s). Automatic assembling machines, industrial robots, and numerical control machines are examples.
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Process Control
Process control refers to a control system that oversees some industrial process so that a uniform, correct output is maintained. It does this by monitoring and adjusting the control parameters (such as temperature or flow rate) to ensure that the output product remains as it should.
Figure 7 A closed-loop oven-heating system.
The classic example of [...]
In an analog control system, the controller consists of traditional analog devices and circuits, that is, linear amplifiers. The first control systems were analog because it was the only available technology. In the analog control system, any change in either set point or feedback is sensed immediately, and the amplifiers adjust their output (to the [...]
Physically, a control system is a collection of components and circuits connected together to perform a useful function. Each component in the system converts energy from one form to another; for example, we might think of a temperature sensor as converting degrees to volts or a motor as converting volts to revolutions per minute. To [...]
INTRODUCTION
A control system is a collection of components working together under the direction of some machine intelligence. In most cases, electronic circuits provide the intelligence, and electromechanical components such as sensors and motors provide the interface to the physical world. A good example is the modern automobile. Various sensors supply the on-board computer with information [...]
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